IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF TEA TREE OIL AND CLOVE OIL

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the in vitro free radical scavenging activity of tea tree oil and the clove oil.Methods: Both tea tree oil and clove oil were tested by using phytochemical test, estimation of total phenolic content as well as various antioxidantsassays such as nitric oxide radical inhibition assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhyorazyl (DPPH) assayResults: Both tea tree oil and clove oil possess antioxidants activity and in vitro free radical scavenging activity.Keywords: Scavenging activity, Tea tree oil, Clove oil, Antioxidant

A Comparative Evaluation of Serum Leptin Level Before and After Phase I Periodontal Therapy in Aggressive Periodontitis

BACKGROUND: Leptin, an adipocytokine with pro-inflammatory properties plays an important role in regulation of immunologic and inflammatory responses of the body. The role of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in altering the leptin concentrations in serum of Aggressive periodontitis patients is yet to be ascertained. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study is to assess and evaluate the concentration of leptin in serum before and after phase I periodontal therapy in aggressive periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Level of serum leptin was determined in healthy subjects (control group, n=30) and patients with aggressive periodontitis (study group, n=30) and compared with clinical parameters like gingival bleeding index, plaque index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level before and after phase-I therapy. RESULTS: Clinical parameters and leptin level were increased in the serum of patients with aggressive periodontitis before phase I therapy compared to healthy subjects. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) reduction in clinical parameters and serum leptin level were seen after Phase-I therapy. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that periodontal inflammation may up-regulate serum leptin level and increase clinical parameter values in patients with aggressive periodontitis and phase I therapy was able to restore the serum leptin levels and clinical parameters

Study of Acute Moderate Normovolemic Hemodilution in Gynaecological Surgeries

INTRODUCTION: Blood has been used as a life saving product since the seventeenth century when the first blood transfusions were recorded. A large percentage of blood is administered to patients during surgery and it is usually homologous blood. Blood is a tissue and so blood transfusion like tissue transplantation carries complications. The non-availability of blood and blood products due to shortage of homologous blood is a limiting factor for surgery. With the aim of providing maximum benefit and avoiding risks to patients a number of alternative techniques to homologous blood transfusion have been evolved. Autologous blood transfusion is the most efficient among the alternative methods available. There are four types of Autologous blood transfusion . 1. Preoperative Blood Donation, 2. Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution, 3. Acute Hypervolemic Hemodilution, 4. Intraoperative &Postoperative Blood salvage. Patients can tolerate anemia with hematocrit of 25-30% as long as normovolemia is maintained.This forms the basis for Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution. This technique involves removal of predetermined quantity of blood from the patient before or after induction of anaesthesia and maintaining isovolemic status with crystalloids or colloids .The blood withdrawn is returned to the patient after obtaining near normal hemostasis in the surgical field. Acute normovolemic Hemodilution is safe, simpler, cost effective than other methods of autologous transfusion and is an effective strategy to replace homologous blood requirement. The surgeon and the anaesthesiologist play a key role in choosing their patients and adapting this technique to extract the maximum benefit out of it. AIM OF STUDY: The aim of dissertation is to study the safety, hemodynamic alterations associated with Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution in patients undergoing elective gynaecological surgeries with special references to cost effectiveness, time factor and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Setting : Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Egmore, Chennai. Year of Study : April 2007 - April 2008. Nature of Study : Prospective study. 30 patients posted to undergo elective gynaecological surgeries were chartered in to the study. Informed consent was obtained from the patients. This study was approved by the board of ethical committee. Inclusion Criteria : Age : 20 – 60 years, • Preoperative Hb : > 11 gm/dl, • Hematocrit : 30%, • Absence of Cardiac, Pulmonary, Renal, Liver disease, • Absence of uncontrolled hypertension and other comorbid conditions, • Absence of Hemostatic disorders, • Absence of infection. Exclusion Criteria : Age : 60 years, • Anemia : Hb < 11 gm/dl, • Hematocrit <30%, • Untreated hypertension, • Impaired cardiac, pulmonary, renal ,hepatic function, • Coagulation disorders, • Hypoalbuminemia, • Presence of infection. SUMMARY: In our study on Acute Moderate Normovolemic Hemodilution carried out on patients undergoing gynaecological surgeries we found that, • Average blood collected was 780 ml per patient, the average volume of colloid used was 508 ml and average volume of crystalloid used was 1207 ml. • Average time taken to collect 780 ml of blood was 45 min. • The changes in Heart rate,systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the prehemodilution, posthemodilution, pretransfusion, posttransfusion periods were statistically insignificant.All the parameters were well within physiological limits throught the procedure. • Oxygen saturation changes during the prehemodilution, posthemodilution, pretransfusion, and posttransfusion period was statistically insignificant. • Bleeding time and clotting time changes during prehemodilution, posthemodilution, pretransfusion, and posttransfusion period were statistically significant but the changes were clinically insignificant. • Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution was technically easy to perform. • Hemoglobin, Hematocrit and Red blood cell count dropped after hemodilution and following surgical blood loss they further dropped down.The values rose up after transfusion of collected autologous blood. • The complications observed during the study were hypotension 1/30,allergic reaction to colloid in1/30 wound infection 1/30 and urinary tract infection in 1/30. • The average cost incurred per patient for withdrawal of 780 ml of blood was Rs472.9 which accounts for Rs 210.10 per 350 ml bag of blood. CONCLUSION: From the observation we can conclude that moderate Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution is a safe ,technically easy,relatively cheaper method to be considered for salvaging homologous blood transfusion during gynaecological surgeries.Elaborating it • Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution can be safely performed on patients with routine monitoring of Heart rate,Blood pressure, Pulse oximetry, Urine output and ECG changes. • It avoids the complications of transfusion reactions and transmission of infectious diseases associated with homologous blood transfusion. • It is a cost effective method to overcome the shortage of homologous bank blood. • The technique of Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution is relatively easy to carry out but can extend the theatre occupancy time by an average of 20.1 minutes for each 350ml of blood withdrawn. • The complications related to the procedure are minimal when compared with the benefits

Knowledge And Awareness on Iron Deficiency Anaemia Among Women - A Questionnaire Based Survey

Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the major health problems faced by women. Several factors such as age, sex, socio-economic status, educational level play prominent roles in influencing the health status.Iron deficiency anaemia may result in slow growth and development, fatigue, stillbirth etc.But the knowledge and awareness towards it was significantly low.The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of women towards iron deficiency anaemia. A questionnaire based survey was conducted among 100 female participants. Questionnaire was distributed through a survey link. Results were collected and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistical Analyzer (23.0 version). Frequency distribution and descriptive analysis were carried out. Pearson Chi square test was done. P value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.The results of the study showed that the knowledge and awareness of women carried according to their level of education. Participants who are educated were found to have re knowledge and awareness compared to the participants who are not educated. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for women to gain adequate knowledge on iron deficiency anaemia to make lifestyle modifications for healthy living.Saveetha Dental Colleg

Semantics Based Web Ranking Using a Robust Weight Scheme

In this paper, HTML tags and attributes are used to determine different structural position of text in a web page. Tags- attributes based models are used to assign a weight to a text that exist in different structural position of web page. Genetic algorithms (GAs), harmony search (HS), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms are used to select the informative terms using a novel tags-attributes and term frequency weighting scheme. These informative terms with heuristic weight give emphasis to important terms, qualifying how well they semantically explain a webpage and distinguish them from each other. The proposed approach is developed by customizing Terrier and tested over the Clueweb09B, WT10g, .GOV2 and uncontrolled data collections. The performance of the proposed approach is found to be encouraging against five baseline ranking models. The percentage gain of approach achieved is 75-90%, 70-83% and 43-60% in P@5, P@10 and MAP, respectively

APOPTOTIC INDUCTION POTENTIALS OF BACOPA MONERI AGAINST ORAL CANCER CELL LINE

Aim: To assess the apoptotic induction potentials of Bacopa monnieri against oral cancer cell.Objective: This research is done to find the apoptotic induction potentials of B. monnieri against oral cancer cell line.Background: The apoptosis is a process of programed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cellchanges and death. The initiation of apoptosis is tightly regulated by activation mechanisms, because once apoptosis has begun, it inevitably leadsto the death of the cell. The two best-understood activation mechanisms are the intrinsic pathway (also called the mitochondrial pathway) and theextrinsic pathway.Methods: The apoptotic induction potential of B. monnieri was studied on KB cell line by investigating the activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9.Reason: Oral cancer is a growing concern due to the changes in lifestyle. The treatment for this disease has been degraded the patient's health bycausing various side effects. An effective treatment for the long run is necessary. Usable of herbal plants can serve to be a possible and very effective remedy.Results: Apoptotic induction potentials of B. monnieri against oral cancer cell line were studied.Conclusion: Caspase 3 and caspase 9 was activated thus proving the apoptotic potential of B. monnieri.Keywords: Bacopa monnieri, oral cancer, apoptotic induction

Awareness On Effects of Sleep Deprivation Among College Students - A Questionnaire Based Survey

Sleep deprivation is nothing but not getting a required amount of sleep. It can also affect our whole system. This may be due to stress in school, college, family or in a job. It includes behavioural components which may be problematic in the college campuses. Most of the time sleep deprivation is caused due to the intake of alcohol, drugs, caffeine and energy drinks and some other prescribed or non-prescribed stimulants.The main aim of this survey was to create awareness about effects of sleep deprivation among college students.This study was conducted among college students to spread the awareness about effect of sleep deprivation on health status among college students. A self structured questionnaire was prepared and circulated among college students through online survey planet link and the data was obtained and statistically analyzed. From the study population, 100% of the participants gave a positive response when asked if they were aware about sleep deprivation and its effects.. From the results we may conclude that the majority of the college students are suffering from sleep deprivation. Seminars may be conducted in educational institutions, workplaces to create awareness on the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation on health status among the community.Saveetha Dental Colleg

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND CYTOTOXICITY POTENTIAL OF PINEAPPLE EXTRACT ON ORAL CANCER CELL LINES

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aims at performing a preliminary phytochemical analysis to evaluate the phytochemical composition of pineapple extract andits cytotoxicity potential on oral cancer cell lines.Methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of pineapple extract was done, 3-(4, 5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromideassay for evaluating the cytotoxicity potential of the extract on oral cancer cell lines was performed.Results: Phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, coumarins, and phenols were present in the pineapple extract. The extract also exhibited increasedcytotoxicity with increased concentration.Conclusion: This study is conducted to see if pineapple extract is effective in treating oral cancer in a natural way instead of harmful treatments.Keywords: Cytotoxicity, Pineapple extract, Anticancer drug.Â

AMELIORATION OF NECROSIS FORMATION IN GINGIVA BY LICORICE ROOT EXTRACT

Objective: Gingivitis is a reversible condition associated with a bacterial plaque that resolves in about 1 week after the reinstitution of oral hygiene procedures. If left untreated, may ultimately progress to periodontitis in a subset of individuals. The objective of the study was to evaluate the amelioration of necrosis formation in gingiva by Licorice root extract. The licorice compounds, licoricidin, and licorisoflavan A were the most effective antibacterial substances.Methods: Licorice root extract was prepared by macerating 50 g of dry powder with 100 ml of 70% (w/v) ethyl alcohol for a week. Human gingival fibroblasts were obtained from a commercial source and were maintained in serum-free fibroblast medium as recommended by the manufacturer. The cells were treated with licorice root extract (100 μg/ml) and incubated for 48 h. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were estimated.Result: TNF-alpha levels were raised, and agglutination of CRP was observed in hepatocyte growth factor positive samples whereas after the treatment with licorice root extract the TNF-alpha levels were declined and no agglutination was seen.Conclusion: TNF and CRP levels are raised during necrosis formation. These levels are decreased when treated with licorice root extract. Thus, licorice root extract causes amelioration of necrosis formation in the gingiva

Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus Povidone-Iodine-alcohol for surgical site antisepsis in caesarean section

Background: Caesarean section is one of the most common procedures performed. Recent studies found that surgical-site infection (SSI) was the most common healthcare-associated infection. Authors hypothesized that optimization of preoperative skin antisepsis may decrease postoperative infections. The objective was to establish the efficacy of chlorhexidine-based antiseptic protocol versus povidone-iodine protocol in reducing SSI for patients undergoing caesarean deliveries.Methods: This is a randomized prospective study conducted from April 2017 to September 2017 at a tertiary care center in India. Women who underwent caesarean sections were allocated into either group. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to have the surgical site painted with chlorhexidine-alcohol preparation or painted with a solution of 10% povidone-iodine and then with surgical spirit. The outcomes were any SSI occurring within a week or during the 30 day follow up period of the surgery including any of: superficial or deep surgical site infection, or endometritis, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions.Results: A total of 560 subjects (273 in the chlorhexidine group and 287 in the iodine group) qualified for the study. The number of surgical-site infection was significantly lower in the chlorhexidine group than in the iodine group (6.95% vs. 14.28%; P=0.005). Chlorhexidine–alcohol was significantly more protective than iodine-alcohol against both superficial incisional infections (5.49% vs. 10.10%, P=0.03) and deep incisional infections (1.46% vs. 4.18%, P=0.04).Conclusions: This study highlighted that Chlorhexidine-alcohol provided superior skin antisepsis in comparison to povidone iodine-alcohol